不同氮浓度条件下红色赤潮藻脂肪酸含量及组成特征     

刘云  陈田田  宋书群  李才文 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(2):301-307

在不同氮浓度条件下对红色赤潮藻(Akashiwosanguinea)进行了一次性培养,研究了其生长过程中脂肪酸含量及组成变化。结果表明:红色赤潮藻脂肪酸含量及组成受初始氮浓度及生长阶段的影响。低氮处理组(0—25μmol/L)脂肪酸含量[(150.02±54.84)—(166.83±46.46)mg/gdw]显著高于其他处理组(P0.05),883μmol/L组最低,约为(86.70±5.66)mg/gdw;各培养组脂肪酸含量随着培养时间的延长而增加,稳定期时脂肪酸含量最高,指数生长前期含量最低。红色赤潮藻含28种脂肪酸,以C16:0、C18:1、C20:5ω3(EPA)和C22:6ω3(DHA)为主,且DHA相对含量较高,最高可占总脂肪酸含量的30.46%。随着初始氮浓度的增加,红色赤潮藻饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)在总脂肪酸中所占比例下降,而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)所占比例升高。在红色赤潮藻生长过程中,MUFA相对含量在稳定期时较高,而PUFA相对含量在指数生长前期较高。研究结果可为进一步揭示红色赤潮藻赤潮应对环境胁迫的生理响应机制提供依据。  相似文献   

Uncertainty in stage–discharge rating curves: application to Australian Hydrologic Reference Stations data     

Thomas A. McMahon 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(3):255-275

The purpose of this paper is to determine uncertainty in the gauged range of the stage–gauged discharge relationship for 622 rating curves from 171 Australian Bureau of Meteorology Hydrologic Reference streamgauging Stations (HRS). Water agencies use many methods to establish rating curves. Here we adopt a consistent method across all stations and develop rating curves based on Chebyshev polynomials, and estimate uncertainties from standard regression errors in which residuals from the polynomials are adjusted to ensure they are homoscedastic and normally distributed. Uncertainty in input water level is also taken into account. The median uncertainties in mean response of the available gauged discharge relationship at median daily discharges for the HRS dataset range from +4.5 to ?4.2% (95% confidence band) and for individual gaugings from +29 to ?22% incorporating a water level uncertainty of ±4 mm. The uncertainties estimated are consistent with values estimated in Australia and elsewhere.  相似文献   

Characterising deep vadose zone water movement and solute transport under typical irrigated cropland in the North China Plain          下载免费PDF全文

Leilei Min  Yanjun Shen  Hongwei Pei  Bingdan Jing 《水文研究》2017,31(7):1498-1509

Understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of soil water movement and solute transport is essential for accurately estimating recharge rates and evaluating the impacts of agricultural activities on groundwater resources. In a thick vadose zone (0–15 m) under irrigated cropland in the piedmont region of the North China Plain, soil water content, matric potential, and solute concentrations were measured. Based on these data, the dynamics of soil water and solutes were analysed to investigate the mechanisms of soil water and solute transport. The study showed that the 0–15‐m vadose zone can be divided into three layers: an infiltration and evaporation layer (0–2 m), an unsteady infiltration layer (2–6 m), and a quasi‐steady infiltration layer (6–15 m). The chloride, nitrate, and sulphate concentrations all showed greater variations in the upper soil layer (0–1 m) compared to values in the deep vadose zone (below 2 m). The average concentrations of these three anions in the deep vadose zone varied insignificantly with depth and approached values of 125, 242, and 116 mg/L. The accumulated chloride, sulphate, and nitrate were 2,179 ± 113, 1,760 ± 383, and 4,074 ± 421 kg/ha, respectively. The soil water potential and solute concentrations indicated that uniform flow and preferential flow both occurred in the deep vadose zone, and uniform flow was the dominant mechanism of soil water movement in this study. The piston‐like flow velocity of solute transport was 1.14 m per year, and the average value of calculated leached nitrate nitrogen was 107 kg/ha?year below the root zone. The results can be used to better understand recharge processes and improve groundwater resources management.  相似文献   

Stage‐discharge uncertainty derived with a non‐stationary rating curve in the Choluteca River,Honduras     

I. Westerberg  J.‐L. Guerrero  J. Seibert  K. J. Beven  S. Halldin 《水文研究》2011,25(4):603-613

Uncertainty in discharge data must be critically assessed before data can be used in, e.g. water resources estimation or hydrological modelling. In the alluvial Choluteca River in Honduras, the river‐bed characteristics change over time as fill, scour and other processes occur in the channel, leading to a non‐stationary stage‐discharge relationship and difficulties in deriving consistent rating curves. Few studies have investigated the uncertainties related to non‐stationarity in the stage‐discharge relationship. We calculated discharge and the associated uncertainty with a weighted fuzzy regression of rating curves applied within a moving time window, based on estimated uncertainties in the observed rating data. An 18‐year‐long dataset with unusually frequent ratings (1268 in total) was the basis of this study. A large temporal variability in the stage‐discharge relationship was found especially for low flows. The time‐variable rating curve resulted in discharge estimate differences of ? 60 to + 90% for low flows and ± 20% for medium to high flows when compared to a constant rating curve. The final estimated uncertainty in discharge was substantial and the uncertainty limits varied between ? 43 to + 73% of the best discharge estimate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An analytical solution for deforming twin‐parallel tunnels in an elastic half plane          下载免费PDF全文

Jinyang Fu  Junsheng Yang  Li Yan  Syed Muntazir Abbas 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(5):524-538

The interaction between twin‐parallel tunnels affects the tunnelling‐induced ground deformation, which may endanger the nearby structures. In this paper, an analytical solution is presented for problems in determining displacements and stresses around deforming twin‐parallel tunnels in an elastic half plane, on the basis of complex variable theory. As an example, a uniform radial displacement was assumed as the boundary condition for each of the two tunnels. Special attention was paid to the effects of tunnel depth and spacing between the two tunnels on the surface movement to gain deep insight into the effect of the interaction between twin‐parallel tunnels using the proposed analytical approach. It is revealed that the influence of twin tunnel interaction on surface movements diminishes with both the increase of the tunnel depth and the spacing between the two tunnels. The presented analytical solution manifests that, similar to most of the existing numerical results, the principle of superposition can be applied to determine ground deformation of twin‐parallel tunnels with a certain large depth and spacing; otherwise, the interaction effect between the two tunnels should be taken into account for predicting reliable ground movement. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2016年射阳M_S 4.4地震前后重力场变化     

吴晓峰  宋浩  代宪鹏  孙君嵩  张辉 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,40(1):96-101

利用江苏重力测网2014-2017年重力场观测资料，采用绝对重力控制与相对重力联测相结合的平差方法，获取2016年射阳M_S 4.4地震前后重力场变化图。根据射阳M_S 4.4地震前后射阳地区各测线重力段差变化特点，绘制重力场等值线并进行对比分析，结合相关机理，探讨重力场变化与该地震的内在联系。同震观测数据显示：射阳M_S 4.4地震发生在重力异常值高梯度带附近，发震时震中地区位于NS挤压正异常、EW张拉负异常状态，震后区域重力梯度变化量开始减小，是一种典型的重力异常调整现象。  相似文献   

中国地质勘查周期及成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张恒 《地质与勘探》2020,56(3):644-656

本文开拓性地系统研究建国以来中国地质勘查周期,引入经济周期理论、工业化发展阶段理论、矿产品使用强度理论、政治决策因素、市场因素等对地质勘查周期进行了解释,试图理清多年来认识不清的问题。通过统计建国以来历年地质勘查投入、钻探工作量、见矿异常和发现矿产地等数据,划分了8次地质勘查工作周期。在对我国经济周期和财政周期研究的基础上,提出了地勘工作周期与经济和财政周期相对应的观点。此外,通过研究建国以来工业化进程和国家经济发展战略的选择,结合矿产品使用强度变化趋势,认为在重工业化发展阶段,矿产品使用强度处于高位,从而地勘投入处于高位;在农业、轻工业化发展阶段,地勘工作逐渐走弱。2013年后,随着我国进入工业化后期阶段,地勘工作处于新一轮弱势状态。地勘工作周期体现了长期国家发展战略主动选择、工业化进程与短期财政和经济波动双重叠加的特点,短期政策因素则常对地勘周期波动时有放大或熨平作用。  相似文献   

三峡水库和长江中下游通江湖泊(洞庭湖和鄱阳湖)草鱼、鲢的孵化日期及早期生长特征     

张文武  马琴  黎明政  张晨  高欣 《湖泊科学》2020,32(3):804-812

三峡水库以及上游江段形成的河—库生态系统与长江中下游洞庭湖和鄱阳湖的江湖生态系统都是四大家鱼的重要栖息地,有相似性也有差异.2017年7—8月在三峡水库、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖利用地笼、虾笼、高网和迷魂阵采集草鱼和鲢幼鱼样本,观测耳石日轮,分析三峡水库和通江湖泊草鱼和鲢幼鱼的繁殖时间和早期生长特征及差异,探讨相应的保护措施.结果显示,三峡水库、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖采集草鱼幼鱼的孵化日期分别为4月24日—5月25日、5月21日—6月26日和5月4日—5月28日;鲢幼鱼的孵化日期分别为4月10日—6月12日、5月25日—6月19日和5月9日—6月12日.三峡水库、洞庭湖和鄱阳湖草鱼样本的体长增长率分别为1.04、1.84和1.64 mm/d,微耳石的沉积率分别为3.41、5.41和4.77μm/d;鲢幼鱼的体长增长率分别为1.10、2.87和1.96 mm/d,微耳石沉积率分别为2.96、7.17和4.57μm/d.洞庭湖草鱼和鲢的体长增长率和耳石沉积率均显著大于三峡水库;鄱阳湖鲢的体长增长率和耳石沉积率均显著大于三峡水库,而草鱼的体长增长率和耳石沉积率则与三峡水库没有显著差异.结果表明,三峡水库蓄水后长江中游干流草鱼和鲢的繁殖时间明显滞后;洞庭湖和鄱阳湖的草鱼和鲢幼鱼生长更快.目前,长江全面禁渔正在逐步实施,预期将对恢复鱼类资源起到重要的作用.除了全面禁渔之外,还建议保护和修复鱼类栖息地;减少江湖阻隔,灌江纳苗;增殖放流亲鱼;开展生态调度,促进鱼类繁殖.  相似文献   

环渤海区域及邻区现今地壳构造运动形变特征分析     

赵旭坤  张俊  雷前坤  范成成 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(11):1101-1105

将环渤海区域划分为5个次级块体，利用整体旋转与线性应变模型分析2009~2014年中国大陆构造环境监测网络的GPS对地观测速度场数据，得到相对于欧亚板块0.5°×0.5°的水平运动速度场和应变场。分析形变速度场和应变场的空间变化发现，环渤海区域整体上呈现0.25×10^-9/a的NW-SE 111.3°的双向趋势性扩张运动，太行块体、山西块体分别呈NW-SE 116.3°、NW-SE 130°的微弱扩张运动，胶辽块体、冀鲁块体和阴山-燕山块体分别存在NW-SE 144.3°、NE-SW 39.5°和NW-SE 155.6°的微弱压缩运动，其中太行块体的扩张运动量级相对于其他次级块体较大。尽管环渤海区域内部各次级块体的形变在空间上存在以上差异，但整体上环渤海区域主压应变轴方向基本为NEE-SWW，主张应变轴方向为NNW-SSE，且主压应变轴走向为NE 47.70°～89.74°，与利用地球物理方法得到的主压应变轴优势方向大体一致，表明环渤海区域现今地壳运动相对稳定。  相似文献   

Hydrological cycle and water balance estimates for the megadune–lake region of the Badain Jaran Desert,China          下载免费PDF全文

Yan‐Dong Ma  Jing‐Bo Zhao  Xiao‐Qing Luo  Tian‐Jie Shao  Zhi‐Bao Dong  Qi Zhou 《水文研究》2017,31(18):3255-3268

The hydrology and water balance of megadunes and lakes have been investigated in the Badain Jaran Desert of China. Field observations and analyses of sand layer water content, field capacity, secondary salt content, and grain size reveal 3 types of important natural phenomenon: (a) vegetation bands on the leeward slope of the megadunes reflect the hydrological regime within the sandy vadose zone; (b) seepage, wet sand deposits, and secondary salt deposits indicate the pattern of water movement within the sandy vadose zone; (c) zones of groundwater seeps and descending springs around the lakes reflect the influence of the local topography on the hydrological regime of the megadunes. The seepage exposed on the sloping surface of the megadunes and gravity water contained within the sand layer confirm the occurrence of preferential flow within the vadose zone of the megadunes. Alternating layers of coarse and fine sand create the conditions for the formation of preferential flows. The preferential flows promote movement of water within the sand layer water that leads to deep penetration of water within the megadunes and ultimately to the recharging of groundwater and lake water. Our results indicate that a positive water balance promotes recharge of the megadunes, which depends on the high permeability of the megadune material, the shallow depth of the surface sand layer affected by evaporation, the occurrence of rainfall events exceeding 15 mm, and the sparse vegetation cover. Water balance estimates indicate that the annual water storage of the megadunes is about 7.5 mm, accounting for only 8% of annual precipitation; however, the shallow groundwater per unit area under the megadunes receives only 3.6% of annual precipitation, but it is still able to maintain a dynamic balance of the lake water. From a water budget perspective, the annual water storage in the megadunes is sufficient to serve as a recharge source for lake water, thereby enabling the long‐term persistence of the lakes. Overall, our findings demonstrate that precipitation is a significant component of the hydrological cycle in arid deserts.  相似文献